ABSTRACT
Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease affecting mainly to low income human population. Acute leptospiral infection during pregnancy has been associated with spontaneous abortion and fetal death during the first trimester and the abortion may occur as consequence of systemic failure. Objective: To estimate the frequency of Leptospira interrogans infection in women with spontaneous abortion in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: A cross sectional study on women with spontaneous abortion was conducted. Serum samples were tested for Leptospirosis by the microaglutination test, to estimate the frequency of the infecting serovar. The indirect ELISA IgM was used to detect recent infection by L. interrogans. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue of placenta for PCR detection of L. interrogans. Results: Overall frequency of infection with L. interrogans in the 81 women with abortion was 13.6%. Five of the 12 serovars evaluated were found and included. Two of the 11 women with abortion and positive to microaglutination test were also positive to the ELISA IgM test. None samples were positive for PCR Leptospira diagnosis. Conclusion: two women could be associated with spontaneous abortion due to leptospirosis, because they showed antibodies against L. interrogans in the microaglutination test and ELISA IgM assays. Differences between regions were found with respect to the prevalences of lesptospirosis.
Introducción: Leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica que afecta principalmente la población humana de bajos recursos. Infección aguda por leptospirosis durante el embarazo se ha asociado con aborto espontáneo y muerte fetal durante el primer trimestre del embarazo. Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia de infección por Leptospira interrogans en mujeres con aborto espontáneo en el estado de Yucatán, México. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio trasversal en 81 mujeres con aborto espontáneo. La prueba de referencia para Leptospirosis, prueba de microaglutinación, se utilizó para estimar la frecuencia de la serovar infectante. El ELISA IgM indirecto se utilizó para detectar infección reciente por L. interrogans. Se extrajo ADN a partir de tejido embebido en parafina de placenta para la detección de L. interrogans por PCR. Resultados: La frecuencia global de la infección con L. interrogans en 81 mujeres con aborto, fue del 13.6%. Se encontró cinco de 12 serovares de Leptospira. Dos de las 11 mujeres con aborto espontáneo y positivo a microaglutinación también fueron positivas a la prueba ELISA IgM. Ninguna muestra fue positiva hacia el diagnóstico PCR de Leptospira. Conclusion: Dos mujeres podrían estar asociados con el aborto espontáneo debido a la leptospirosis, porque mostraron anticuerpos contra L. interrogans en la microaglutinación y ensayos de ELISA IgM. Diferencias entre regiones fueron encontradas con respecto a las prevalencias de leptospirosis.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Abortion, Spontaneous/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology , Fetal Death , Leptospira interrogans/immunology , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Leptospirosis/parasitology , Mexico/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Three leptospirosis cases with lung involvement are reported from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. All three patients were admitted to the intensive care unit due to acute respiratory failure. Treatment with antibiotics resulted in favorable evolution despite the negative prognosis. Leptospirosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever and lung involvement.
Analisamos três casos de leptospirose com envolvimento pulmonar na Península Yucatán, México. Os três pacientes com seqüelas pulmonares entraram na unidade de cuidados intensivos devido à insuficiência respiratória grave. Todos os casos evoluíram favoravelmente ao tratamento com antibióticos, apesar do prognóstico negativo. Leptospirose deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes com febre e comprometimento pulmonar.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Hemorrhage/microbiology , Leptospirosis/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/microbiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Leptospira interrogans/immunology , Leptospirosis/drug therapy , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/drug therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Young AdultABSTRACT
A leptospirosis clinical-epidemiological study was made in humans and reservoirs in the state of Yucatßn, MÚxico. Interviews and serological analyses were made on 400 persons from an open population, 439 probable cases of leptospirosis and 1060 animal reservoirs (cows, pigs, dogs, rats and opossums). IgM Leptospira DipstickTM and Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was used to detect human antibodies to leptospiras and serovar respectively. Leptospirosis incidence in humans was 2.2/100,000 inhab. in 1998, 0.7/100,000 in 1999 and 0.9/100,000 in 2000. Overall seroprevalence was 14.2 percent, relatively unchanged from seroprevalences observed 20 years ago. Highest seropositivity was found in people over 56 years of age, predominating males over females. Predominant serovars in the open population were tarassovi, hardjo, pomona and panama. Leptospirosis cases were most frequent in rural areas, and the anicteric course predominated over the icteric. The panama, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona serovars predominated in both anicteric and icteric courses. Dogs, pigs and rodents had the highest seropositivity among the reservoirs. Contact with rodents and natural water sources were significant factors (p ú 0.05). Human cases (74 percent) occurred during the rainy season. It is concluded that leptospirosis is still a serious illness with important clinical and epidemiological implications in the state of Yucatßn, Mexico
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Disease Reservoirs , Leptospirosis , Incidence , Leptospirosis , Mexico , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
The presence of Salmonella enterica and serologic evidence of infection by Leptospira interrogans, were detected in the opossum Didelphis virginiana in a semi-urban locality of the Yucatán State, México. Ninety-one opossums were captured during the period April 1996 and May 1998. From a total of 17 feces samples, four Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes (Sandiego, Newport, Anatum, and Minnesota), and one Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae serovar O44:Z4,Z23:- were isolated. Some opossums presented mixed infections. From 81 sera samples, four (4.9 percent) were positive to antibodies to Leptospira serovars pomona and wolfii. Both animals infected with Salmonella enterica and those serologically positive to Leptospira interrogans were captured in peridomestic habitat. Opossums infected with Salmonella enterica, were captured in dry season, and those seropositive to Leptospira interrogans during the rainy season. The implications of infection and reactivity of these zoonotic pathogens in D. virginiana in the Yucatan state are briefly discussed
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Leptospira interrogans , Opossums , Salmonella enterica , Salmonella Infections, Animal , Weil Disease , Feces , Mexico , Weil DiseaseABSTRACT
Introducción. La leptospirosis es una zoonosis de amplia distribución mundial. Posee un amplio polimorfismo clínico, pero en general se presenta en tres formas distintas: subclínica, anictérica (benigna) y grave (enfermedad de Weil). En México la información que se tiene sobre leptospirosis humana de 1970 a la fecha es escasa y en su gran mayoría proviene de estudios de corte seroepidemiológico, por lo que poco se sabe sobre sus otras formas clínicas, y tal vez por ellos sólo se relacione con la forma grave. Objetivo. Demostrar que la leptospirosis no es rara en la región y que puede estarse confundiendo clínicamente con otras entidades febriles, entre ellas el dengue. Método. Se analizaron para la búsqueda de casos de leptospirosis, sueros y expedientes clínicos de 50 pacientes que fueron diagnosticados clínicamente como dengue y que resultaron negativos en las pruebas de confirmación etiológica. Se utilizó como prueba diagnóstica la de microaglutinación (MA), utilizando como antígeno Leptospira interrogans vivas de ocho serovares diferentes. Resultados. Se encontraron siete pacientes positivos a leptospirosis (14 por ciento). La sintomatología que presentaron correspondió a la descrita para la forma anictérica. Tres fueron de Yucatán y cuatro de Campeche. En el primer Estado predominó el serovar canícola y en el segundo el serovar pomona. Conclusiones. La leptospirosis es una enfermedad infecciosa presente al igual que el dengue en los estados de Yucatán y Campeche, por lo que se le debe tomar en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial, sobre todo en zonas geográficas en donde los dos padecimientos son endémicos